Analyzing Course Repeat Rates as Indicators of Academic Progression

Student progression and eventual graduation are directly bound to the successful completion of a series of mandatory courses. These courses not only form the backbone of degree programs but also serve as critical gatekeepers in a student’s academic journey. This exploration seeks to investigate Course Repeat Rate (CRR) as a potential indicator of a course’s significance in determining academic progression and graduation outcomes. Given that students must repeat and pass required courses to advance through their programs, the frequency with which these courses are repeated by students enrolled in the same degree programmes provides valuable insights into their role as pivotal checkpoints within degree pathways.

From time to time I am tasked with examining data trends that influence our academic environment. Recently, a request from one of our faculty prompted a closer investigation into the role of compulsory service courses within our university. These courses sometimes appear to be barriers, preventing students from advancing efficiently through their degree programs.

In addressing this Issue, I proposed focusing on the course repeat rate as a tool for understanding these academic obstacles. At UCT, like many institutions worldwide, students’ progression and graduation depend on completing a series of mandatory courses. When students fail these required courses, they must retake and pass them to progress or graduate. This situation provides an opportunity to analyze how often these courses are repeated across various degree programs. By doing so, we can identify which courses function as significant gatekeepers in academic progression.

The importance of identifying high repeat rate courses lies in their dual role: facilitating student advancement or hindering it. By concentrating on these ‘gatekeeper’ courses, we can explore opportunities for intervention through curriculum modifications or additional support mechanisms. The goal is to ensure these courses act more as facilitators rather than barriers. My proposal suggests using course repeat rates not just as data points but as indicators of importance within our academic structure. This approach aims to enhance educational efficacy at UCT by improving individual student outcomes and refining institutional practices.

About me and this blog

Institutional research, when viewed through the lens of systems theory, embodies the university’s capacity for self-observation and self-description—key operations that sustain and adapt complex systems. By exploring these concepts, I aim to locate institutional research within its proper theoretical context: as the mechanism by which the university reflects on itself, generates knowledge about its structures and processes, and adapts to changing conditions. This blog will serve as my laboratory for analyzing these ideas, testing their practical applications, and ultimately contributing to a richer understanding of how institutional research supports the university’s continuous evolution. Through thoughtful analysis and dialogue, I hope to bridge theory and practice, building a framework that not only enhances my professional growth but also advances the field of institutional research itself.
– KM Kefale


Welcome to “Systems Theory for Institutional Research”, a blog where I explore the intersections of social systems theory and higher education analytics. My name is Kende Kefale, and I am an information analyst with particular interest in higher education. This blog reflects my continued work in analyzing institutions as complex systems and leveraging data-driven insights to improve their operations and outcomes.

In 2013, I completed my PhD titled “The University as a Social System,” inspired by the groundbreaking work of Niklas Luhmann. Luhmann’s theory of social systems, which emphasizes the self-referential and operationally closed nature of systems, closely informs my approach to understanding universities. This lens allows me to analyze the interplay of subsystems within academic institutions and identify the feedback loops that drive their adaptation and evolution.

Over my career, I have worked closely with the University of Cape Town, contributing to institutional research, data analytics, and decision-making. My current role in the Institutional Information Unit and the Data Analytics for Student Success (DASS) team  involves transforming institutional data into actionable insights that improve student outcomes and support evidence-based policies. I use tools like PowerBI, SQL, and Python to create impactful visualizations and prototypes that inform decisions across various university departments.

With my career trajectory now firmly set towards becoming an institutional researcher, I see this blog as a space to refine my ideas, share insights, and engage with the broader academic and professional community.

Institutional research, when viewed through the lens of systems theory, embodies the university’s capacity for self-observation and self-description—key operations that sustain and adapt complex systems. By delving deeply into these concepts, I aim to locate institutional research within its proper theoretical context: as the mechanism by which the university reflects on itself, generates knowledge about its structures and processes, and adapts to changing conditions. This blog will serve as my laboratory for exploring these ideas, testing their practical applications, and ultimately contributing to a richer understanding of how institutional research supports the university’s continuous evolution. Through thoughtful analysis and dialogue, I hope to bridge theory and practice, building a framework that not only enhances my professional growth but also advances the field of institutional research itself.

Thank you for visiting “Systems Theory for Institutional Research.” I hope you find the ideas shared here thought-provoking and relevant. Let’s explore how data, theory, and systems thinking can converge to shape the future of higher education.